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[寻找校友]中考英语语法点:非谓语动词 [复制链接]

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只看楼主 倒序阅读 使用道具 楼主  发表于: 2020-09-17

 

  3. When _________help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (福建卷)
  A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
  【分析】答案選 D。因壹個人說“謝謝”,應當是他被提供了幫助,所以要用過去分詞,When offered help… =When he is offered help…
  三、考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法
  非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和現在分詞)的完成式主要表示發生在謂語動作之前的動作。做題時要注意根據題幹所提供的語境來推斷這種先後關系。如:
  1. The storm left, _________a lot of damage to this area. (全國卷I)
  A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
  【分析】答案選D。因The storm與cause是主動關系,排除選項A;不定式作狀語,前面通常不用逗號,排除B和C;因暴風雨給這個地區“造成損失”是在“結束”之前,所以用完成式。
  2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _________advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (上海卷)
  A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
  【分析】答案選 A。因people與take advantage of是主動關系,排除選項B和D;take不會發生在謂語are signing up之前,不用完成式,排除C。
  四、考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語
  在通常情況下,表伴隨情況的應用現在分詞。如:
  1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________away. (全國卷III)
  A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
  【分析】答案選B。現在分詞作伴隨狀語。
  2. He glanced over at her, _________ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (廣東卷)
  A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
  【分析】答案選 A。因爲he與note是主謂關系,且note與謂語動詞glanced的動作同時發生,所以用現在分詞的壹般式作伴隨狀語。
  3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _________fun. (重慶卷)
  A. had B. have C. to have D. having
  【分析】答案選 D。用現在分詞表伴隨情況。
  說明:有時過去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過去分詞同時還表被動關系),但高考很少考查此用法。如:
  He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來,後面跟著他的妻子。
  五、考查非謂語動詞用作目的狀語
  在通常情況下,用作目的狀語只能是不定式。如:
  1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _________it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.” (福建卷)
  A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
  【分析】答案選 B。作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。
  2. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (浙江卷)
  A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
  【分析】答案選 A。作目的狀語要用動詞不定式。
  3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _________a look at the sports stars. (上海卷)
  A. had B. having C. to have D. have
  【分析】答案選 C。“看看體育明星”是“在體育館外等三個小時”的目的,作目的狀語只能用動詞不定式。
  六、考查非謂語動詞用作結果狀語
  1. 用現在分詞表結果。如:
  He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了,打死了壹個過路人。
  Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _________a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山東卷)
  A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
  【分析】答案選B。伴隨著謂語動詞的發生而産生的自然結果,用現在分詞作結果狀語。
  2. 用不定式表結果。如:
  He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家發現他的妻子在等他。
  He hurried to the station only _________ that the train had left. (廣東卷)
  A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
  【分析】答案選 A。因爲only to do是習語,意爲“結果卻,不料”,hurried和find是先後發生的兩個動作。
  七、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語
  原則上,所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語,其區別是:不定式表未來,現在分詞表進行,過去分詞表完成和被動。如:
  1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_________. (北京卷)
  A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
  【分析】答案選A。作with的賓語的補足語要用非謂語動詞,排除選項B和C;與謂語動作同時發生用現在分詞作賓語補足語,排除表示將來的不定式選項D。
  2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _________often enough (天津卷)
  A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
  【分析】答案選D。賓語it與explain是被動關系,用過去分詞作賓補,have sth done意爲“請人做某事”。
  八、考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題
  按照英語習慣,非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應與句子壹致,否則就應調整句子結構。如:
  While watching television, _________. (全國卷III)
  A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings
  C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
  【分析】答案選C。因爲watching的邏輯主語壹定是we,排除選項A和B;又因在hear後作賓語補足語的是省略了to的不定式,所以選項D中的rings是錯誤的。
  九、考查非謂語動詞用作主語的問題
  原則上說,動詞用作主語,只能是不定式或動名詞,不能是分詞形式。這類考題命題還往往用動詞原形作爲幹擾項進行考查,同學們做題需引起注意。如:
  It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _________the answers ready will be of great help. (北京卷)
  A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
  【分析】答案選D。動名詞短語用作主語。
  十、考查“(be +) 過去分詞+介詞”結構
  有壹類“be+過去分詞+介詞”結構,如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等,也往往是命題的熱點。如:
  1. _________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (江蘇卷)
  A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
  【分析】答案選 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in,題中沒有oneself, 所以the two students與lose是被動關系,應該用過去分詞作狀語。
  2. _________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (湖南卷)
  A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
  【分析】答案選 A。由dress的賓語壹定是人或oneself可知,dress與he是動賓關系,即he與dress是被動關系,要用過去分詞作狀語,Dressed in …=As he is dressed in …
  十壹、非謂語動詞的綜合考查
  有時命題者會將多個知識點綜合起來進行考查,如在考查被動式的同時兼考完成式,在考查不定式的同時兼考分詞,等等。如:
  1. I don’t want _________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (天津卷)
  A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
  【分析】答案選 A。表示“想要做某事”want後只能接to do,排除選項C;sound like中sound是系動詞,屬不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態,排除選項B;sound 發生在want後,故不用完成式,排除選項D。
  2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said _________ the stage already as he has become an official.” (江蘇卷)
  A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
  【分析】答案選 A。因he與leave是主動關系,不用被動式,排除選項C和D;由already可知,要用完成式。
  更多知識點也可關注下北京新東方初中聽說讀寫拔高住宿班課程,綜合“聽力、口語、閱讀、寫作、詞彙、語法和文化素質拓展”模塊,提升學生英語綜合能力,幫助學生應對不斷變化的各類應用需求,逐漸回歸語言本質。
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